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EMIGRATION VS SOVIET LITERATURE: A DIALOGUE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Literary Сriticism , UDC: 821.161.1 DOI: 10.25688/2619-0656.2019.13.07

Authors

  • Osipova Nina Doctor of Philology, Professor

Annotation

The paper examines the main trends in the evaluation of Soviet culture and literature by the Russian émigré critics of 1920–1930’s. The author applies a historical and cultural approach based on the principle of dialogism, which in its turn rests on the main Russian culture dominants: literature centrism, dual model of mentality, unity and integrity of Russian culture, and Russian intellectual tradition of the 19th century.

The émigrés’ reflection on Soviet literature is analyzed in terms of identity search and deep genetic essence of Russian culture and its system of values.

The dialogue was mainly evolving in the sphere of literary criticism and journalism. We traced the connection between émigré and Russian democratic criticism of the 19th century (Herzen, Saltykov-Shchedrin, etc.), which is particularly refl ected in the dispute in the journals of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The excerpts from various critical articles and reviews of this period demonstrate the common approach of their authors to the analysis of literary phenomena. Having studied the articles from émigré and Soviet newspapers and journals (A. Bem, G. Adamovich, R. Gul, F. Stepun, J. Sazonova, etc.) the author comes to a conclusion that the Russian literature and the Russian criticism on both sides of the border though opposing and polemical, in fact show historical integrity and mutual attraction. One of the factors determining these reciprocally exclusive trends in the criticism of Soviet literature is the development of relativism, which overall characterizes Western European mindset.

The analysis of the publications in the journals Sovremennye Zapisky (The Modern Notes), Russkie Zapisky (The Russian Notes), and Tchisla (The Numbers) demonstrates that traditional emigration model “one’s own — alien” was gradually transforming into “one’s own — another”. There is a tendency to understand, and sometimes justify the Soviet art. Special attention is paid to the articles with serious analysis of Soviet literature, its topics, poetics, and genres. The traditional standpoint of the émigrés has evolved from ideological labeling to serious and thoughtful analysis, thus developing scientifi c criteria in further deep analysis of Russian and Soviet literature by G. Nivat, M. Aucouturier, J.-С. Lanne, N. Struve, V. Losskaya, C. Clarke, J. Soumela, S. Gartsiano, etc.

Tags:
binary models of culture , Soviet literature , the dialogue of cultures , the Russian émigrés criticism

How to link insert

Osipova, N. . (2019). EMIGRATION VS SOVIET LITERATURE: A DIALOGUE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA Bulletin of the Moscow City Pedagogical University. Series "Pedagogy and Psychology", # 13. 2019, 110-133. https://doi.org/10.25688/2619-0656.2019.13.07
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