ON THE POSSIBLE IMPACT OF THE TREATISE C. BECCARIA «ON CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS» ON THE IMAGERY AND THE IDEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONTENT OF THE NOVEL F.M. DOSTOEVSKY «CRIME AND PUNISHMENT»

The paper tries to identify the possible impact of the treatise Italian scientist Cesare Beccaria «On Crimes and Punishments» in the novel F.M. Dostoevsky’s «Crime and Punishment». In Beccaria’s treatise contains the basic prin­ciples of modern law: the principle of humanism (Beccaria opposed torture and the death penalty); the principle of equity (Beccaria insisted accordance social danger of the crime of punishment); the presumption of innocence and the principle implementation of justice only by the courts (the position of «no one can be called a criminal before the verdict of the court», which is now no one in doubt and is contained in the Constitution of Russia, was first formulated in the book of C. Beccaria), the principle of publicity of court proceedings. Given Dostoevsky interest in criminal law, it is difficult to imagine that the book Beccaria left them unnoticed. Especially important to note that in the book are solved and moral problems: responsibility, ethics, relationship between the concepts of sin and crime, ie, all the issues that exist in Dostoevsky’s novel.